A Comparison Between Booker T. Washington (19th century)...

COMPARISON PAPER I. INTRODUCTION For decades, Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) was the major African-American spokesman in the eyes of white America. Born a slave in Virginia, Washington was educated at Hampton Institute, Norfolk, Virginia. He began to work at the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 and built it into a center of learning and industrial and agricultural training. A handsome man and a forceful speaker, Washington was skilled at politics. Powerful and influential in both the black and white communities, Washington was a confidential advisor to presidents. For years, presidential political appointments of African-Americans were cleared through him. He was funded by Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, dined at the White House†¦show more content†¦The schools name was later changed to Tuskegee Institute (now Tuskegee University). The school taught specific trades, such as carpentry, farming, and mechanics, and trained teachers. As it expanded, Washington spent much of his time raising funds. Under Wa shingtons leadership, the institute became famous as a model of industrial education. The Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, established in 1974, includes Washingtons home, student-made college buildings, and the George Washington Carver Museum. Though Washington offered little that was innovative in industrial education, which both northern philanthropic foundations and southern leaders were already promoting, he became its chief black exemplar and spokesman. In his advocacy of Tuskegee Institute and its educational method, Washington revealed the political adroitness and accommodationist philosophy that were to characterize his career in the wider arena of race leadership. He convinced southern white employers and governors that Tuskegee offered an education that would keep blacks down on the farm and in the trades. To prospective northern donors and particularly the new self- made millionaires such as Rockefeller and Carnegie he promised the inculcation of the Protestant work ethic. To blacks living within the limited horizons of the post- Reconstruction South, Washington held out industrial education as the means of escape from the web of sharecropping and

Pharmacy Practice Therapeutics

Questions: 1. Discuss digoxin and its place in therapy. Include in your answer (but not limited to) aspects that relate to how it works, what it is used for, therapeutic drug monitoring and patient specific information. Make use of published studies as well as reference books. 2. Choose one of the newer (novel) anticoagulant drugs (NOACS) and discuss its place in therapy. Make particular note of recent studies for evidence of safety and efficacy. 3. Discuss long acting beta agonists (LABAs) and their use. Include (but not limited to) aspects that relate to pharmaceutical care of patients that may be using these drugs as well as more specific information relating to the class of drug. Answers: 1. Digoxin, a pharmacologically active compound extracted from the foxglove plant Digitalis lanata is a common purified cardiac glycoside possessing a myriad of therapeutic benefits with certain limitations and side effects with respect to the case history and individual patient situation. It is mainly suited for treating patients with heart failure (HF) associated with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF), supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and increased rate of ventricular contraction. Elimination of digoxin mainly occurs via the renal route and therefore is suitable to administer the drug to patients with hepatic diseases. However, despite of the advantage of digoxin to rapidly enter into the target sites and harbor positive therapeutic outcomes, reports of narrow therapeutic index culminating in some toxicity issues affecting the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract in addition to opthalmic complications, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and other cardio-related malfunctioning and neuropsychological difficulties have challenged the safety and efficacy of the drug (Stucky Goldberger, 2015). The mechanism of action of digoxin emanates from the drugs ability to inhibit the action of the membrane bound Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme in the myocardium, thereby fostering positive inotropic effect resulting in increased myocardial contractility. This pump enzymes inhibition also augments the Na+-Ca++ exchange and subsequently facilitates the rise in Ca++ concentration. This increase in intracellular Ca++ concentration in turn causes increased release of Ca++ ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum adding to the increased contractility of the cardiomyocytes. Additionally, the antisympatheitc effect of digoxin is evident from its diminished sympathetic nervous system activity and contrasting rise in the parasympathetic activity. Moreover, the drug possesses a negative chronotropic effect due to reduced conduction velocity in the atrioventricular node and slower firing rate disch arge in the sinoatrial node (Chhabra Chhabra, 2012). Advancement and emergence of novel therapeutics to treat the ambulatory patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction have gradually taken over the use and application of digoxin. However contemporary reports suggest further research and insight into matters concerning the use of digoxin for patients with worsening chronic HF in order to ameliorate the signs and symptoms thereby reduce HF-case specific hospitalizations (Ambrosy et al., 2014). 2. The novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have received much attention in recent times following their potential applications and effectiveness in treating and preventing strokes in patients with non valvular AF compared to the parenteral antithrombotics and other blood thinners such as Warfarin. Among these newly evolved NOACs, apixaban, dabigatran and rivaroxaban are the prominent ones. Another NOAC namely edoxaban is however under trial and awaiting further approval by the competent authorities. In this context, the role of the apixaban NOAC may be discussed. Apixaban is an extremely selective, potent, orally administered drug capable of directly inhibiting the factor Xa of the blood clotting process, thereby rendering the anticoagulant capacity to prevent strokes in patients with AF, provide remedy for venous thrmboembolic events and thromboprophylaxis in patients who have underwent hip or knee replacement surgery (Frost et al., 2013). The pharmacodynamics including the plasma con centration of apixaban can be accurately measured by chromogenic anti Xa assays without the need for therapeutic monitoring except for clinical recurrence of stroke or bleeding in some cases. The mode of action of Apixaban is achieved by both reversibly and directly inhibiting the free and clot-bound factor Xa. The factor Xa is the ultimate enzyme of the coagulation cascade that catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin thereby contributing to the formation of fibrin clot finally. Through thrombin induction, apixaban indirectly inhibits platelet aggregation as well. Studies relevant to apixaban drug by means of post hoc analysis of the randomized control data adjusted for gender, age and nationality, suggest the safe usage and efficacy of the drug in treating atrial fibrillation in patients encountering stroke or systemic embolism, compared to other anticoagulants like Warfarin. In such patients less bleeding and reduced rates of mortality was observed and hence claiming t he superiority of apixaban over warfarin (Focks et al., 2016). Further research regarding prospective uses and efficacy of apixaban reveals that it is suitable for decreasing the major or clinically pertinent non major bleeding for cases of mild type of renal impairment only in comparison to the conventional anticoagulants (Ribic Clase, 2015). 3. Long acting beta agonists (LABAs) are the group of drugs that are generally utilized in alleviating the symptoms in patients with moderate to severe asthma. Normally LABAs are prescribed in combination with the inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) to better tackle the asthma related health issues compared to the short acting products like salbutamol or fenoterol, thereby preventing the exacerbations in the long run (Mascarenhas et al., 2015). LABAS are essentially the ?2 agonists that are potent bronchodilators capable of relaxing the smooth muscles of the airways to allow adequate air to flow in and out of the lungs. LABAa are known to exert their effects by means of binding to the ?2 adrenoceptors on the airways smooth muscle that in turn lead to triggering of several signalling cascades lead to activation of a number of molecular events which together result in dilatation of the passage of the airways thereby making the process of breathing easier. LABAs itself form a separate group o f drugs meant to offer respite from the debilitating conditions of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs). Salmeterol fluticasone, formoterol and budesonide are some of the common generic names of the LABAs. The route of administration of the LABAs involves inhalation of the single ingredient component or the combinatorial corticosteroid medication through the mouth into the lungs by virtue of an inhaler or a nebulizer device. The duration of action for the LABAs prevail for approximately 12 hours and even 24 hours for certain ultra LABAs attributable to high potency and specificity for the beta-2 adrenoceptors and accounting for low oral bioavailability post inhalation, high systemic clearance and finally resulting in rapid onset of action. The ultra LABAs have been consented for long term management of COPD in Europe and USA following a 9once a daily drug regime. Overall the safety profiles of LABAs are acceptable. However, increased risk of pneumonia has been r eported in studies where the dual mode of actions of the ICS/LABA is adopted for treatment modality for patients with COPD. Ongoing research and innovation regarding the combined use of ultra-LABA and long acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA) offer hope for better health implications in COPD patients in near future (Cazzola et al., 2013). References: Ambrosy, A. P., Butler, J., Ahmed, A., Vaduganathan, M., van Veldhuisen, D. J., Colucci, W. S., Gheorghiade, M. (2014). The use of digoxin in patients with worsening chronic heart failure: reconsidering an old drug to reduce hospital admissions. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 63(18), 1823-1832. Cazzola, M., Page, C. P., Rogliani, P., Matera, M. G. (2013). 2-agonist therapy in lung disease. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 187(7), 690-696. Chhabra, N., Chhabra, S. (2012). A Case Oriented Approach Towards Biochemistry. JP Medical Ltd. Focks, J. J., Brouwer, M. A., Wojdyla, D. M., Thomas, L., Lopes, R. D., Washam, J. B., ... Alexander, J. H. (2016). Polypharmacy and effects of apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: post hoc analysis of the Aristotle trial. bmj, 353, i2868. Frost, C., Nepal, S., Wang, J., Schuster, A., Byon, W., Boyd, R. A., ... LaCreta, F. (2013). Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of multiple oral doses of apixaban, a factor Xa inhibitor, in healthy subjects. British journal of clinical pharmacology, 76(5), 776-786. Mascarenhas, A., Sayal, R., Khan, S., Moore, J. (2015). The Ontario Drug Policy Research Network Drug Class Review on Combination Inhaled Corticosteroids and Long Acting Beta Agonists (ICS/LABA) for the Treatment of Asthma. Ribic, C. M., Clase, C. M. (2015). Review: In renal impairment, apixaban reduces, or does not increase, bleeding compared with other anticoagulants. Cardiol, 115, 323-7. Stucky, M. A., Goldberger, Z. D. (2015). Digoxin: its role in contemporary medicine. Postgraduate medical journal, postgradmedj-2014.

Diverse Diversity Scholarship Essay Topics

Diverse Diversity Scholarship Essay TopicsDiversity scholarship essay topics are important for students because they are a requirement to apply for a college scholarship or grant. When you are not given one, this means that the person giving out the scholarship or grant has already made up his mind that you do not meet his criteria and do not qualify to receive it. For some, they might be the government or a private organization, but for most, the best scholarship or grant that will benefit you is from a diversity scholarship or grant writer. It is much easier to write about subjects that are similar to yours and get approval when you are writing about topics that are related to your interest.The first thing you should do before submitting your diversity scholarship essay topics is to create your topic and create a brief outline. Write down all the topic points as you think of them. You can start with making your subject matter a general one and work your way to more specific topics. For example, if you are writing about children, you could include things like childhood stories, animals, insects, animals and birds, cartoons, music, fashion, new trends, comics, nature, facts and figures, and more. You can always add more topics to your list so that your diversity scholarship essay topics will be endless.You should take note that not all diversity essay topics will be traditional academic papers. Most people are interested in diversity scholarship essay topics that will appeal to the reader. The purpose of the diversity essay is to show that you have something unique and interesting to contribute to the topic of the essay. There are many diverse topics you can use to write diversity scholarship essay topics.You can include a personal story if you can write a personal story about yourself. A true story is more believable and interesting than a fictional story because you have personally experienced something. For example, you could talk about how your family was a ffected by your mother's work or what has been happening in your life recently. If you can relate to these stories, you will make your essay more interesting and more useful.Other diversity scholarship essay topics that you can consider include doing arts, love, family and friends, religion, history, nature, food, music, sports, religion, and more. You can also explore the different cultures and religions and the different traditions that people from all around the world have. Remember that your essay should be unique and not common in its subjects. Diversity scholarship essay topics are very important when it comes to applying for a scholarship or grant.When you are researching for diversity scholarship essay topics, you should first know what is required of you. This will help you decide on what topics to write about. This is important because there are certain things that will disqualify you and some topics that will disqualify you even if you do not have an interest in them. You should only write about topics that are related to your topic area.Some of the diversity scholarship essay topics you should avoid including any topics that are politically controversial, religion and politics, and any topics that talk about race, religion, or sex. In addition, you should avoid using a lot of vocabulary words. Instead, use simple vocabulary words that are more easily understood by most readers.Diversity scholarship essay topics are essential to have if you want to get a scholarship or grant for college. When you apply for a scholarship or grant, you must write a good quality essay to get the approval that you need.

Writing Your Own Research Paper

Writing Your Own Research PaperMost people assume that they have to be an English major, or a PhD to write their own paper. Well, that's not quite true. You can write your own paper, even if you are not from the land of literate Oxford.If you have just completed a bachelor's degree in any of the sciences or business, you can write a research paper. Even if you have no experience in writing academic papers, you can still find a good paper writing service. A good writer will get you a respectable work of scholarship if you're a student or college graduate.Start a new chapter in your life. Make it a great one with your choice of thesis topic and most importantly; start writing your own paper now. But don't write a dissertation yet; let your parents, grandparents and other professors know that you are going to get your Master's degree in several years.When you are done with your dissertation, you can then start writing your own research paper. The important thing is that you get your deg ree or not!There are many services available for writing your own research paper. So, how do you find out about the best company?Ask around, ask your friends, ask your friends who might be able to give you the relevant information. Don't worry too much about the cost. They are usually cheaper than the university office would charge. Just make sure that you are getting the right company.When you've got your research paper written, you'll surely want to submit it to a prestigious institution. You will have to check the fee for submission and submit it at least one month before your deadline. This way, your paper will get the chance to get reviewed by experts, which can help it to become the best research paper ever written.

Who Else Wants to Learn About Social Issue Topics?

Who Else Wants to Learn About Social Issue Topics? Details of Social Issue Topics There are a number of methods people use to combat social difficulties. You are able to pick from a multitude of intriguing locations and categories. The social issues research papers may appear easy to write in comparison with different topics, but still it demands an extremely creative strategy, an enormous quantity of curiosity and capability to think beyond the box and search data in unconventional sources. Nonprofit organizations are often formed for the only goal of solving a social matter. As a consequence, brands of all types and sizes are now made to navigate a startling, new reality. Along with teen pregnancy, there are a large number of important identified social issues in america today. It's a fact that a great deal of individuals are arrested each year for marijuana. You may search the website by utilizing the aforementioned tabs or click the links below. Maybe you chafe at the expression prochoice too. Or the discussion might concentrate on one specific group (for example, millennials) and the way in which they affect the economy. As a consequence, social issues can be raised by the unequal distribution of funding between public schools, like that seen in the United States of america. When you look around, you are going to observe social difficulties that affect society every single day. The increased problem looks like the human inclination to copy others. When picking your social problems topic, don't forget that it's always much better to write abo ut something you're already more or less acquainted with. Throughout the life program, there are social problems related to unique ages. Inequality is the root of several social issues that occur when things like gender, disability, race, and age may impact the way an individual is treated. Describe ways that all kinds of prejudice and bias are or aren't interconnected in your perspective. It is very important to understand that not all things that take place in society are raised to the degree of social issues. Details of Social Issue Topics Davis is a particular correspondent. Social media, all of us know, can cause you to get unproductive. Sociology is, undoubtedly, a fascinating subject, particularly if you're fortunate enough to find a progressive-thinking professor. It is crucial to intervene when you confront child abuse since it's happening or when you learn it has occurred previously. There's a discussion happening about hunger in Germany. The circumstance is even direr when there is but one parent. Concerns about a crackdown on civil rights in the aftermath of the so-called war on terror have been expressed for quite a while, and such revelations appear to be confirming a number of those fears. Child abuse may result in long-term physical, social and emotional difficulties. Write an essay topics that you attempt to persuade a politician of a specific approach to handle issues pertaining to poverty and social inequality. It has turned into a social issue due to its increased domestic prevalence within the United States of america. To mention every social issue is beyond the reach of this lesson, but we'll look at a few examples of social problems that are recognized and important problems in the USA today. In order to fill out the e ssay writing work it's essential to have a sample essay on salvation for school and college so an outline can be ready by the students. Obviously, there are various definitions of globalization. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Before submitting your assignment, you will need to be certain that it's flawless and error-free. You will finish your project in a string of four assignments that will lead to the submission of a 12-16 page research paper. Upload your completed assignment for a document in this region.

Internship ReflectiveEssay - Your First Steps Towards Getting a Job

Internship ReflectiveEssay - Your First Steps Towards Getting a JobPreparing an internship reflection essay is a great way to find a new job. Whether you are applying for an entry-level position or working your way up to a management position, being prepared will make the difference between getting the job and getting nothing at all.It is a good idea to write a reflection essay before even beginning your interview. This allows you to prepare your answers to the three questions that you will probably be asked in your interview. Keep in mind that the questions you will be asked are almost always the same three. If you haven't been preparing an internship reflection essay, these three questions may appear only once during your interview.The first question asked of you is often, 'What type of position are you looking for?' Your answer to this question will help you determine what type of job you want.The second question asks you to reflect on your career goals. You can make a statement o r a question. Most people write a short statement, then ask you if you have any thoughts on what you would like to accomplish in your career.Finally, you are asked for a final reflection. You can write your own or read a book or article. When answering this question, be sure to include the details of your experiences.Interviewing with your family, friends, or coworkers is also a good opportunity to prepare an internship reflection essay. You can share some of your personal interests, describe your skills, and why you think you will be a good fit for the position.An internship reflection essay will help you get your foot in the door in a hurry. Writing a well-written essay can give you the confidence you need to land that first job.

What Has to be Done About Essay Samples for Gifted Program Before Its Too Late

What Has to be Done About Essay Samples for Gifted Program Before It's Too Late New Questions About Essay Samples for Gifted Program When you explain the problem, do not neglect to indicate the peculiar causes you wish to convince the reader about. You want readers to recognize the urgency of the issue and why it has to be solved. Also, allow the reader know what steps they ought to take to help solve the issue. You simply need a few problems as remember you don't have a lot of time and you want to spell out the issues. Allow it to be clear how exactly it is likely to help in solving the discussed problem. Select the topic which comprises the problem you know about. Another big problem is the development of internet fraud and hacking. Identifying an issue and proposing one or more solutions ought to be a crucial element in your essay. For the solution of our problem today it's important to modify the essence of the entire society that generated it. Since the issue is global is scale, the solution also has to be global. To summarize, the only long-term remedy to the issue of online crime is greater international cooperation. Otherwise, it is going to defeat the function of the essay itself, and that's to help resolve an issue. In truth, it's probably the most essential part of your essay, as it draws in the reader. In order to understand how to compose a problem-solution essay, you have to know what type of essay it's first. Issue arrangement essay is a type of an exploration paper in which you portray a particular issue and endeavor to discover a way of comprehending it. Yes, you might highlight key points which have been mentioned in your essay but you will need to refrain from repeating what has already been stated. These instructions will provide you with some helpful hints on how best to compose an honors application essay. From the aforementioned example, you may be clear concerning the issue solving essay. All you need to do is tell the writer what sort of an essay you would like to have and the deadline. Whenever you have so many topics to speak about, choose what you're passionate about and it is going to be super-easy that you develop a considerable argument for it. All you will need is a simple topic. Remember which you need to supply a descriptive analysis for every one of them. You remember your paramount task is to persuade, which means that your point of view ought to be the initial and considerably helpful compared with other folks. Every one of them is given with a specific aim. Some schools may have additional pull-out hours for gifted students, which could be insufficient to deal with the need, not serve the aim of the Gifted Program. To begin with, gifted children have the capacity to understand concepts very fast hence they learn very fast. On the flip side, education ought to be extended to all. Parents should monitor their kids' use of social networking in or der to safeguard them. Understanding Essay Samples for Gifted Program Cultural appropriation ought to be restricted to address racial inequality. In order to decide on the efficacy of gifted education programs it's crucial to determine both the direct results on program participants, together with any indirect results on nonparticipants. The range of paragraphs are determined by the amount of solutions. The diversity in the degree of cognition of unique men and women can be a fantastic issue for the government and stakeholders to consider as to educating them.